Incarceration on Canadas Economy essays

Imprisonment on Canadas Economy expositions Imprisonment on Canadas Economy On some random day of the week in Canada, there are around 13 000 individuals in government prisons and 19 000 in commonplace correctional facilities. Detainment is utilized when a guilty party must be expelled from the general public it abused for the assurance of the countrys reputable residents. Canadian citizens and the administration need the expense of detainment to be diminished. Jail is the most costly punishment the Canadian government offers to wrongdoers and is attempting to discover various options in contrast to imprisonment and is attempting to offer progressively instructive and work programs that will permit prisoners to get occupations when they have carried out their punishment and are discharged. It costs Canadas government and citizens a lot of cash to house hoodlums in their prisons. In 1999-2000, the absolute bill for working the grown-up government and commonplace remedial framework was $2.4 billion. The expense of keeping a prisoner imprisoned in a government prison is about $67 700 every year. This thinks about to around $29 900 for an asylum and $14 500 to manage a prisoner on parole. Canadians are confronted with two decisions. We can oblige the United States and assemble more detainment facilities and spend a greater amount of the financial plan, or use options of imprisonment on okay guilty parties that can be securely and successfully oversaw in the network. There are a wide range of options in contrast to imprisonment that will spare the citizens a lot of cash. There are a wide range of types of options in contrast to detainment. Compensation permits judges to arrange the wrongdoers to repay the casualties for property misfortune and individual wounds. This, for self-evident, reasons isn't utilized much since most crooks are not affluent people. Compensation perceives the enormous money related effects that wrongdoing can have on casualties and guarantees that remuneration as a major aspect of ... <!

The Importance of Argumentative Essay Topics in College

The Importance of Argumentative Essay Topics in CollegeArgumentative essay topics are important to students entering college. It is no longer enough to offer an opinion; students must engage the reader. Students must understand how to be persuasive, as well as creative and interesting.Writing essays is not the only way to learn to write an effective college composition course, but it is a first step toward what the student must know to excel in this profession. Students can be taught to make arguments, but not all students will become skilled essay writers. If the student has ever had to write an essay on high school debate or political science topics, he or she will have learned the value of argumentative essay topics in a college.Choosing essay topics for your college course is not an easy task. Just as any topic can make for a strong essay if chosen carefully, it can also become a weak subject if chosen poorly. However, there are a few basic topics that all students should start w ith.The first is the introduction. This essay discusses the student's motivation for taking the course. It gives the student an opportunity to talk about their hopes and dreams for the course, and it explains why the student decided to take the course.The second essay should include an argument. This may be either one page long or a two-page essay. The argument should be based on either scientific evidence or on a logical argument. There should be at least three reasons to support the point made by the essay.The third essay should cover an article. The argument should either be an opinion or an argument. If the argument is an opinion, it should be based on a fact, and it should support it.An essay covering an article is an extremely useful essay for students. In an article, students can discuss both sides of a topic. It provides them with information and is often times more engaging than simply reading a book. It will help the student to present an argument as well.It is possible to develop your own argumentative essay topics based on real life topics, but they may not be as persuasive. Students should learn to follow a topic in order to produce an effective essay. While argumentative essays are a very useful tool in college composition courses, they cannot be the only tool.

Ways of Computing the Value of Alternative Projects Essay -- Finance F

Methods for Computing the Value of Alternative Projects When concluding whether to put resources into a task a speculator first will contrast venture or sunk expenses with the normal benefit and dependent on this choice will choose what to do. Contingent upon the particulars of the task ascertaining of sunk expense and expected benefit may be fairly unique and will assume the principle job in the choice to contribute, pause and contribute later or not to contribute by any stretch of the imagination. Progressively nitty gritty thought of the standard NPV rule: to contribute if present estimation of income is more prominent than sunk cost will show that a few activities can't be basically evaluated utilizing this thought. For the irreversible undertakings, for example, fabricating a manufacturing plant or purchasing an alternative NPV technique may not be legitimate in light of the fact that it doesn't accept into thought the open door cost of hanging tight for new data, and, at that point contributing. At the end of the day, if financial s pecialist realizes that the cost of the item creating on the industrial facility will go down or the item won't be sold by any means, in light of some new serious item, he will in all likelihood decide not to construct it by any stretch of the imagination. Presently, extraordinary venture openings might be mulled over, for instance, constructing the manufacturing plant in steps or begin utilizing the industrial facility for an alternate use. Let us compute an estimation of the task utilizing standard NPV decide and NPV decide that thinks about time impact or this chance to pause and contribute later. These count have been finished by numerous specialists, yet Pindick and Dixit in their book Investment Under Uncertainty propose simple approach to look at changed outcomes. We will simply utilize their thought yet with a more straightforward numbers and show how various methods for processing give various outcomes. On this straightforward model we can lear... ...umption of introducing net present an incentive as a geometric Brownian movement is the most significant one and has been actualized in the money related field for some time. Exact works by budgetary foundations have demonstrated that such presumption lets speculators get sensible outcomes and plan the interest ahead of time. This innovation has been likewise utilized in lessening hazard on the portfolios when supporting. The acquired outcomes can be handily actualized in the choices estimating hypothesis and were applied by Pindick and Dixit underway. With all the presumptions the model shows practical outcomes and have been utilized by numerous budgetary organizations since 1980s. References 1. Venture Under Uncertainity, Avinash Dixit and Robert Pindick, Princeton University Press, 1994 2. Venture timing, Robert McDonald and Daniel Siegel, The Quarterly Journal of financial matters, v.111, 1986

How Security Management Is The Core Component That Made Up...

This chapter began by explaining what security management is. It defined it as the core component that made up the foundation of a corporation’s security program. Risk management, security organizations, security education, information classification, information security policies, standards, procedures, baselines and guidelines are the elements of the core component. This chapter further explained that security management is activated to protect company assets. These assets can easily be identified through risk analysis. This risk analysis exposes the threat that can easily put the assets at risk. The risk analysis, according to this chapter also facilitates identification of the budgets to know how much fund is needed to protect the†¦show more content†¦It is quite unfortunate that most companies’ management only deals with the administrative, marketing and sales, and the production part of the company business, but felt the IT operations should be left solel y to the IT personnel. In the long run, according to this chapter, the information security aspect of the company will suffer and remain underdeveloped because of lack of attention. However, if there is any security breach or attack, the top management will be the first point of contact. The top management will be held accountable and responsible for not adhering to the business practices. This chapter emphasizes on the need for management to assign responsibilities and also to make sure that adequate funds are available for the kick-off of security programs and its implementation. Management role and support cannot be overemphasized when it comes to the issue of security management. This chapter also addresses the way decisions on security issue should be channeled. This chapter advised that security program should be driven in a top-down approach. In this case, the top management will drive, , support and give directions for the security program, which will then be passed over to the middle management staff and then to member staffs. Also, this chapter illustrates how the control measure should be designed to make sure that access are well managed and monitored. With this, the chapter went further explaining the three types of

The Game Red Dead Redemption - 1874 Words

Have you ever wanted to experience what is like being a cowboy in the Wild West? Experiencing first hand a gritty frontier town, vast unexplored territory, and the endless possibility for adventure. The gaming company Rockstar created the game Red Dead Redemption in order for gamers to see what it was to a dying breed in modernizing world. The game Red Dead Redemption depicts what life was like in the American frontier in the early nineteen hundreds. The game Red Dead Redemption is an open world western created by Rockstar Games. Rockstar games decided to take a new approach on open world game such a Grand Theft Auto to offer a completely different perspective in a time in history. Rather then committing crimes in down LA, you are†¦show more content†¦This was a time period during the industrial era where machines have become more prominent. The east coast of the United States had been becoming very modernized while the west was slowly catching up. The game Red Dead Redemption shows how historically accurate life was like back in the early nineteen hundreds. The year is nineteen eleven and you are first introduced to rough and rugged protagonist john Marston a former outlaw who escaped his gang and is trying to hunt down his former gang in order to live his life with family. Although John Marston is trying to hunt down his former gang, he finds out that he is going to embark in a great adventure that takes him in to t he unsettled territory of the American Frontier. John will face many trials and tribulations when he goes head first into the Wild West. The game starts off of John Marston in a train leaving a city known as Black water. The town of Black water is portrayed as the most developed and civilized city in the game. The buildings are well constructed, the people are well dressed and polite, and there is law and order in the city. But after you get on train headed west you end up in a small town know as Armadillo. As soon as you get of the train John has to avoid a drunken person who stumbled out of the saloon (Gamespot, 2017). As the player in the game you quickly pick up the difference between the city of Black water and the frontier town of Armadillo. The own of Armadillo is some what developed.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Grand Theft Auto 5 Online910 Words   |  4 Pagesthat an online multiplayer game has never done before. With constant free updates, plenty of different game modes, a massive player community, and a sense of immersion that is difficult to rival Rockstar Games has seemed to have perfected the online mode of what has become one of the best selling video games of all time.   Rockstar has raised the bar from what we expect from an online multiplayer and gamers are going to have extremely high expectations for Red Dead Redemption 2’s online multiplayer modeRead MoreRed Dead Redemption Analysis Essay2471 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Analysis of a Game: Red Dead Redemption Professor Shawn Graham Jad Slaibeh 100804020 Submitted: Thursday February 7th 2013 The game I have chosen for my critical analysis is Red Dead Redemption. Red Dead Redemption was made, published, and engineered by a company called Rockstar Games (Rockstar Website). The major distributor of the game is a company who happens to own Rockstar, Take-Two interactive. Being one of the most successful video game developers to date,Read MoreReview Of The Elder Scrolls 958 Words   |  4 Pages Another Bethesda game and yes, it is great! Okay, I will elaborate my opinion; Bethesda makes lots of great role-playing (RPG) games with open world environments. Although, I never could understand why Bethesda likes to kick off their amazing voice actors off the face of the Earth. I’m pretty sure if Bethesda was able to cast Mel Blanc and James Earl Jones as voice actors they would probably be either Gordon Freeman or Link. In The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, they kill off Patrick Stewart in additionRead MoreVideo Games : A Multi Billion Dollar Domain1706 Words   |  7 Pages It’s only a game right? Games seem innocent enough when their sitting in the store but what are we really bringing into our homes? Over the past thirty years, video games have become an integral part of our culture, and the video game industry has become a multi-billion dollar domain. Video games have been proven to improve spatial attention (Green, C) and multitasking abilities (Chiappe, Dan), but there are negative aspects as well, such as their portrayal of women. This negative portrayal hasRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Mental Health1120 Words   |  5 PagesDoes video game have an effect on mental health? There is a lot of research into what affects gaming has on childrens mental health, consequently there is research into both sides of the argument. Gaming has an effect on mental health, but not necessarily in a negative way. I strongly argue that gaming affects mental health in a positive way so accordingly I will set out to prove it. We will be discussing a wide range of sources, showing a variety of views, describing how video games are good forRead MoreDo Video Games Create Violence?1760 Words   |  8 Pagesglobal issue that will be discussed will be is â€Å"Do video games create violence in society.† Video games are a significant part of many young people’s lives. With an exceptional number of people in the status quo playing video games, it has raised the question whether or not video games do in fact incite violence within societies or is it just a coincidence? Throughout this paper, we will explore possible factors that contribute to whether video games do o r do not create violence in society. We will exploreRead MoreAnalysis Of Custer s Revenge Basically Laid The Path For The Wave Of Western Video Game Productions We Ride Today1896 Words   |  8 PagesCuster’s Revenge basically laid the path for the wave of Western video game productions we ride today. More recently released, a game that had its fare share of controversy and success was GUN which released in 2005. Having personally owned this game and having put a good amount of hours of my life into this game I can see why this game would infuriate a few people. These are some screen shots of just the first scene of the game before you start the actual gameplay. If this isn’tRead More How the Western Film Genre Has Developed over the Past Century2037 Words   |  9 Pagesraised and lowered on cranes. Another thing that made Westerns more popular was the introduction of full colour in the 1930s and widescreen in the 1950s, this made the Western settings more exciting. The audience would be able to see the red blood of the dead, making it all seem more realistic and they could get much better overall views of the set. â€Å"The Searchers† was another traditional western film. It was made in 1956 and starred John Wayne as a hero called Ethan. Ethan is a stereotypicalRead MoreQuestions On Augmented Reality Companion And Project Tango Kit Using Deep Learning Algorithm For Step Growth1628 Words   |  7 Pagespress event on January 21, 2015. It is set to be introduced through the smart glasses headset Microsoft HoloLens, as part of the general rollout of Windows 10.[4] Project Tango 1. At Augmented World Expo 2015, Johnny Lee demonstrated a construction game that builds a virtual structure in real space, an AR showroom app that allows users to view a full-size virtual automobile and customize its features, a hybrid Nerf gun with mounted Project Tango screen for dodging and shooting AR monsters superimposedRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Conner1735 Words   |  7 Pageshands of a dangerous criminal called The Misfit. The ironic title indicates that men are hard to find due to their chauvinistic, short-tempered, and arrogant behaviors. However a controversial ending with the grandmother and the Misfit reveals a redemption scene which entails the behavior of woman. The women, including a girl, in this short story have patriarchal views of how woman should act, and the story’s conclusion suggest that women redeem themselves to men since they are powerful authority

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1783 Words

There are quite a few mental disorders that one can experience—they include ADHD, anxiety disorders, autism, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, dissociative disorders, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia (â€Å"Mental Health Conditions†). Out of all of these illnesses, it seems like the most common disorder that people trivialize on social media is depression, but lately OCD has been a rising contender. People have gone from never talking about mental illnesses and never educating themselves about them to going online and blabbing about them. People, more specifically teenage girls, go online and post statuses about how they are feeling â€Å"depressed† when really they are just in a negative emotional state. When teenagers say that they are â€Å"depressed† because they got into an argument with their boyfriend or girlfriend, or they did not have anything to do for the whole day, or they did not do well on an exam, the word loses it’s meaning (Bine). What these teenagers do not understand is that there is a world of difference between simply being sad, or bored, and being clinically depressed (K). If people had any idea what others with mental illnesses went through on a daily basis, like how much pain and sadness they felt (K), then they would definitely show more compassion and think twice before they posted their idiotic statuses. In the journal, Computers inShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely inte rrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Employability Skill Behaviors Free samples-Myassignmenrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the "Employability Skill Behaviours". Answer: Introduction Das Rao (2016) illustrates that students often think the skills they study at schools is different from that they use at their work environment. Surprisingly, these two skills links and students should place much emphasis on the class work to ensure that they succeed in the job market as well. That will enable them to acquire the necessary skills in order for them to execute their duties with competency and professionalism. Additionally, every student should develop various study skills since they are transferrable to a work environment (Agrawal, Rao Venkatesh, 2016). During the job application, students have to fill various application forms, which ask them to validate their competencies such as teamwork, project management, as well as taking initiatives. Notably, students should keep a record of actual examples of the previous meetings that relate to any of the above aspects. Situation Information Management: Janet studies at the local university in the United States of America and works at the square pie. That is one of the leading fast food stores in the United Kingdom. Janet possesses a number of qualities that makes her suitable for the task. For instance, she has strong information management skills that allow her to organize the stocks and equipment. Additionally, Janet could order supplies as well as to oversee the various building maintenance. She also has other skills such as financial management and people management. Using technology: Technology is an important aspect of the contemporary community. It ensures efficient operations within various sectors of the economy and enables stakeholders to resolve a number of conflicts that range from time management as well as proper communication. Janet could use the computers to perform a number of tasks such as data entry and analysis. That ensures that she presents her findings from the hotel in the most prudent manner. Again, she could use the email to communicate with different member within the premise. Numeracy: Janet possesses many numerical skills that enable her to manage the restaurant. She could quickly decide on the amount of raw materials that will help in producing various foodstuffs within the premise. That enables her to balance the books of account. With the right methods and technology, she could observe and record data and helps in communication as well as decision making within the premise. Additionally, the knowledge she got from college enables her to make estimates as well as to verify calculations that pertains the management of the fast food enterprise. Verbal Communication: she finds it easy to read information present in different formats. That ranges from tables and graphs. Additionally, she can synthesize this kind of information and communicate meaning to the various stakeholders. Again, she has the authority that enables her to write and speak while others are paying attention. She provides room for questions, which makes the entire process engaging. Public speaking: The public speaking concepts that Janet learned is school enables her to work with a various member of the team. She could articulate her ideas and communicate them in the most appropriate way. Again, Janet chairs some meetings within the premise that enables her to practice the public speaking skills at various levels. Notably, she was the best speaker in the last Workshop in California, and she demonstrated a high degree of composure and competency while addressing various concerns that affect the food industry in the region. That signifies her as a good public speaker. Written Communication: Apart from the verbal communication, Janet presents an excellent command in written communications. That surfaces through the reports that she documented during the workshop in California. She could also submit a well-written report to her boss, which signifies her competency in the particular domain. Task As a member of the executive, Janet ensured that she adopted the right communication skills that help in managing the organization with much ease. Again, she had to utilize the technological advancement to better the performance of the team. That includes the simplification of most operations using the computer as well as to improve data storage using the storage of equipment. Again, the computer was useful in solving complex tasks that required much time and resources. Action To do that, Janet had to undertake multiple courses in the University to equip her with the necessary skills for the task. Again, it was paramount to attend some seminars and training workshops that enabled her to understand the market demands. That led to her exemplary performance in the organization. Result Janet received a promotion to be the Managing Director of the fast food enterprise. That is due to her competency as well as the ethical behaviour that she presented while services as the staff. Employees should ensure that they relate what they learn in the classroom with the job requirements to improve their skills (Bell, 2016). Additionally, they should conduct themselves with some level of professionalism and embrace ethical aspects within their environments. References Agrawal, N. M., Rao, M. R., Venkatesh, S. (2016). Labour Market and Recruitment: Education and EmployabilityLearning from the Indian IT/ITES Industry. In India: Preparation for the World of Work (pp. 311-329). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Bell, R. (2016). Unpacking the link between entrepreneurialism and employability: An assessment of the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and likelihood of graduate employment in a professional field. Education+ Training, 58(1). Das, S. C., Rao, S. (2016). Capabilities in Employability Skills (Self Perceived) among Under-Graduate Commerce Students: A Cross Sectional Study. The Indian Journal Of Commerce, 69(1).

Irish, German, and British Immigrants Essay Example

Irish, German, and British Immigrants Paper Chris Vaughan APUSH Mr. Osborn 11/12/11 Irish, German, and British Settlers Within the period of 1830 to 1860, the experiences of immigrants from Ireland, Britain, and Germany held many similarities in their motivations for migration, with numerous differences found in their interactions with American society, and their respective associations with the economy of the United States of America. This time period signified the largest migration of nationalities in the history of the United States, with its results still being noticeable today. There are immediate similarities that are drawn from the motivation of Irish, British, and German immigrants within the period of 1830 to 1860. The first similarities are found when comparing the earlier group of Irish migrants, to those of some of the minor sections of British and German immigrants. Within the 1830s, those who came from Ireland had resources and skills that they desired to bring to America, or more specifically its world-renowned port cities, in order to better their economic well-being. Many German and British immigrants, such as those who were artisans, merchants, and professionals, also went to the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston. Further similarities are seen when comparing the Irish settlers after the potato famine of the 1840s, to those immigrants from Britain and Germany who were focused on agriculture. The most obvious similarity that can be derived from this situation is that all three of the groups are being influenced by geography. While the Irish were forced to leave their country to survive, the Germans and British were attracted to prospective lands in the Old Northwest, and Texas. We will write a custom essay sample on Irish, German, and British Immigrants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Irish, German, and British Immigrants specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Irish, German, and British Immigrants specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The final conceptual similarity found for the motivations of these three nationalities’ exoduses to North America is displayed in their role, or lack there of, in their original countries economies. During the 1840s, the Irish immigrants were mainly comprised of the less skillful members of society. They were poor, in search of a better life. Similarly, the Germans who migrated, depending on their trade, also wished to improve their economic status. Finally, the British, who originally occupied the New England textile mills, migrated due to economic fluctuations. Although their economic motivations for migration may have been similar, the association that each of these groups had with the American Economy had many differences, specific to each of their group’s situations. As the Irish were seen as America’s first refugee population, they were, for the most part, discriminated against in their quest for employment. As a result, they were confined to work in the port cities of New York, Boston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Charleston, responsible mostly for canals, harbors, and textile mills. In contrast, the English and German were able to migrate based on their individual needs. If a German or British immigrant were skilled workers, professionals, merchants, or artisans, they would be able to find work in the port cities. However, if they were more agriculturally focused, they would also find opportunity in the West, allowing for more economic freedom. The Germans did, however, find economic similarities with the Irish, in that they lacked in influence for the American economy and political system. The British found this economic good fortune because they were seen as economic assets, which also influenced their social interactions with Americans. Like their economic impacts, the social interactions of the Irish, German, and British settlers also had many differences. As the British were seen as economic assets, they were met with little hostility in their associations with Americans. In addition to this socio-economic connection, the Americans also saw the British as tangible representations of the roots of American culture. Since they had gained their independence from Britain, the current citizens saw the immigrants almost as authentic pre-revolutionary portrayals of America. On the opposite side of the spectrum, the newly entering Irish and Germans had to assimilate themselves into American culture. The Irish were met with much hostility, as they had to compete with current unemployed free blacks, and were seen as freeloading off American soil. The Irish thus had to work to bring their culture in, through the creation of churches, and schools. The Germans became more self reliant, creating their own societies. Their innovations, including educational and religious institutions, along with newspapers and beer gardens, survived through the ages. When the British attempted to do the same, they would die out gradually, displaying their reliance on American society. The experiences of Irish, German, and British immigrants can be easily compared in their motivations for moving their nationalities, and clearly contrasted in their economic and social associations with the United States of America. Their migration, whether through their innovations, their sufferings, or their successes, still influences American life as it is today. America is now known as a melting pot of different nationalities, which can for the most part be credited to the Irish, British, and Germanic migrations of 1830 to 1860.

Treaments of chronic pain

Treaments of chronic pain Free Online Research Papers Chronic Pain and the treatments of the Chronic Pain. What is pain? In the definition of Medical Terminology, the root word for pain is algia. So if you think of ailments the end with algia they are referring to something to do with pain(Brooks 2002). If you have ever had pain from a broken bone or surgery that is not the kind of pain I’m referring to. Stipulated by (Seeley, Stephens and Tate 2003) that is acute pain and as your body heals the pain gradually tends to go away. From the Southern Medical Journal the patient’s page by Betsy Allen, MA (2007) she says that chronic pain is totally different. Chronic pain according to an old Anatomy Physiology book that I have that was written by a combination of writers from Idaho State University is Rod Seeley and Trent Stephens and from Phoenix College is Philip Tate(2003) who states that their definition for pain is an important warning sign of a possible potential injurious conditions p476. The pain receptors are stimulated when tissue is injured. If the tissue that is injured heals the pain will go away p476. However, pain itself can be debilitating along with losing the value of providing information about the condition of the body (Stroud, Heapy, Higgins, and Sellinger 2006). Mentioned by the same team of authors the chronic pain that is being referred to as migraine headaches, localized facial pain, or back pain just to mention a few. But then there are AIDS patients, cancer patients, cardiac patients who all also suffer from chronic pain and the list goes on and on (Stroud, Heapy, Higgins, and Sellinger 2006). According to WebMD, the reason for chronic pain is not clear. When you have an injury or illness, certain nerves are affected that send pain impulses to the brain. The brain lets us know that we have pain but sometimes it is undetermined why we have pain, and it may take several types of treatments or combination of several treatments before you (Allen 2007) will actually feel any kind of relief however, people who suffer from chronic pain have become inactive therefore there strength, range of motion and flexibility are all effected but over time some treatments will actually decrease the pain level (Allen 2007). Also focused by (Allen 2007) states that People suffering from chronic pain often feel helpless and hopeless, and they may become dependent on drugs. Found in the ( Wikipedia encyclopedia 2007) says that often chronic pain cannot be cured, it can only be managed well enough to significantly improve the quality of life. So my focus for my paper is that there are a lot of people men and women, old and younger that do actually suffer from chronic pain. So I will state the facts of my findings of different treatments and medication regimen or both that will give relief to chronic pain suffers. Chronic pain is a disorder of the nervous system that persists for months or years and cannot be fully relieved by standard pain medications. It often includes burning, shooting, or shocking sensations (Glenn, Burns 2003). Chronic pain also may cause a problem called allodynia, in which people experience pain from stimuli that are not normally painful, such as a light touch or a breeze, or pain in places other than the area that is stimulated ( Taylor 2007). Also according to (Taylor 2007), there are many different kinds of chronic pain, including central pain, chronic regional pain syndrome (also called reflex sympathetic dystrophy), and peripheral neuropathy. Chronic back pain and conditions like arthritis, TMJ, bursitis, tendonitis, herniated disc, migraine headaches, sciatica, fibromyalgia, whiplash and carpal tunnel syndrome will set off a chain reaction of physical and mental side effects ( Heapy, Stroud. Higgins and Stellinger 2006). Most studies of chronic pain have focused on signals in the spinal cord and in the peripheral nerves, which carry pain messages from the limbs and other parts of the body to the spinal cord. However, recent studies have suggested that the brain not only receives pain signals from the spinal cord but also undergoes changes in neuronal connections that may permanently strengthen its reactions to those signals. Researchers believe these changes are key to the development of chronic pain. Depending on the condition and prognosis of the patient does the doctor determine will kind of treatment will be successful for relief of pain? Also to keep in mind that sometimes it’s a hit a miss type for the doctor until specific tests have been taken to determine what is the cause? (Briley 2004) The patient will ask the doctor for something for the pain. So if you stop and think about it part of the first treatment is conducted by the patient when he/she asks for some kind of medication to help with the pain. (Brown 2003) What is there perception about the pain? Where does it actually hurt? Is it inside the body or on the out side? The only way to really tell what is wrong is to take some tests: x ray or CT scan to determine what it may or may not be. A lot of times they have to look a little deeper. In that case you would need an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) that will give a clearer picture of the injury or possible disease (Brooks 2002). Sometimes it is necessary to inject a dye into the vein to emphasize the area that is causing the pain (Brooks 2002). However, there are lots more but that is another topic. The tests such as: X-rays, CT scan and MRI are just the basics for determining what may be the problem. The doctor may start you out with an anti-inflammatory drug such as: acetaminophen or aspirin, Motrin or ibuprofen, or naproxen (Aleve) to help those with pain, these simple analgesics can help control chronic pain when taken on a regular basis as said from before chronic pain is different in that it persists( Healthscout.com 2007 p1) To deal with Mild pain its best to use acetaminophen or NSAID such as ibuprofen. Mild to Moderate pain its best to use NSAID and a weak opioid such as codeine or darvocet (Stanos 2007). Then of course, for Moderate to Severe pain first line choice is Morphine which is considered the gold standard (Wikipedia 2007). Second line is Oxycodone, Fentanyl in the form of a transdermal patch which has been designed for chronic pain management. Heat therapy is useful for back spasms or other conditions. Some patients find that moist heat works best (Healthscout.com 2007 p2). Physical therapy and exercise, including stretching and strengthening (with specific focus on the muscles which support the spine ( Wikipedia 2007). Manipulation, Acupuncture, and Acupressure which is only done by a licensed Chiropractor, Osteopath, Physical therapist or a Physiatrist (Brooks 2002) which are some of the methods to help relieve pain without drugs. The deep heat ultrasound, and massage therapy is on the up rise for therapy but still does not cure chronic pain. In conclusion the young and old suffer from chronic pain and it may start from acute pain but the longer you have to live with this pain the more it effects the mind and how the pain receptors continue to fire at a faster rate. Medication may slow down the pain receptors but does it actually help with the pain? Physical therapy will relieve the muscles that are affected. However, the strengthening, stretching is best for pain. Dad always said â€Å"no pain no gain†. I have been suffering with chronic pain for 18 years and I did this paper on chronic pain and the treatments to see if the doctors have done everything possible to help with my pain. I have deteriorative disk disease, sciatica in both legs, osteoporosis, and arthritis. I have had two back surgeries and many different procedures. There was physical therapy, chiropractors and lots of different pills, from pain killers, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxants. Nothing seems to work to the point of tolerance of maybe a normal or semi-pain free life. However, I can say that the combination of several of the different variables makes the pain I experience on a daily basis is tolerable without drug addiction. I do everything for myself but in my time. I learned how to adapt and do things without lifting and bending over. Reference List Allen, Betsy The management of chronic pain. Southern Medical Journal: The Patients Page chronic noncancer pain in the primary care setting). October 2007. [Anonymous]. (2007). Chronic pain syndrome-symptoms, treatment and prevention .Retrieved November 21, 2007, from the World Wide Web: healthscout.com/ency/68/629/main.html [Anonymous]. (2007). Pain management health center Retrieved November 21, 2007, from the the World Wide Web: webmd.com/pain-management/tc/chronic-pain-treatment-overview?print=true Briley M. Clinical experience with dual action antidepressants in different chronic pain syndromes. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical Experimental [serial online]. October 2004; 19:S21-S25. Available from: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 13, 2007. Brooks, Myrna LaFleur R.N., (Ed) Exploring Medical Language Fifth Edition.(2002) Gateway Community College Phoenix, AZ. Mosby Publishing. An Affiliate of Elsevier Science St. Louis, London, Philadelphia, Sydney and Totonto. Brown C. Service user’s and occupational therapists’ beliefs about effective treatments for chronic pain: a meeting of the minds or the great divide?. Disability Rehabilitation [serial online]. October 07, 2003; 25(19):1115. Available From: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 13, 2007. Carlson, Neil R. (Ed.) (2008) Foundations of Physiological Psychology Seventh Edition Boston: Allyn Bacon. Glenn B, Burns J. Pain Self-Management in the Process and Outcome of Multidisciplinary Treatment of Chronic Pain: Evaluation of a Stage of Change Model. Journal of Behavioral Medicine [serial online]. October 2003; 26(5):417. Available from: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 13, 2007. Heapy A, Stroud M, Higgins D, Sellinger J. Tailoring cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain: A case example. Journal of Clinical Psychology [serial online]. November 2006; 62(11):1345-1354. Available from: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 13, 2007. Stanos, S. Appropriate use of opioid analgesics in chronic pain. Journal of Family Practice [serial online]. February 2007; 56:23-32. Available from: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 13, 2007. Seeley, Rod R., Stephens, Trent D., Tate, Philip (2003). Anatomy Physiology, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education New York, NY. P. 477-490. Taylor, Suzanne. Chronic pain: Nursing Standard; June 13, 2007, Vol. 21 Issue 40, p59-59, 1p [serial online]. Familydoctor.org. A letter to the editor. Accessed November 13, 2007. Research Papers on Treaments of chronic painPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringThe Fifth HorsemanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Neural Networks for handwriting recognition Essay

Neural Networks for handwriting recognition - Essay Example In fact, a large number of researches have forecasted that in future billions of mobile and wireless systems will integrate handwriting recognition facilities. However, it is straightforward and uncomplicated to recognize handwriting when it appears in the form of isolated handwritten symbols as compared to un-segmented linked handwriting (with unidentified initial stages and ends of particular letters). Though, whatever the case is, we need excellent and high speed algorithmic capabilities (Ciresan et al., 2012; Schmidhuber, 2010). In addition, there are many scenarios where conventional techniques of computer vision and digital machine learning are not able to replace human capabilities, for example identification of traffic signs and handwritten digits. ... Additionally, simply winner neurons are qualified. In fact, a large number of deep neural columns turn out to be specialized on inputs preprocessed in diverse means; their forecasts are averaged. In this scenario, graphics cards should facilitate speedy training (Ciresan et al., 2012; Schmidhuber, 2010). Without a doubt, present automatic handwriting recognition tools and algorithms are not bad at learning to distinguish handwritten aspects and characters. However, convolutional neural Networks (CNNs) are believed to be highly appropriate and supportive architectures for handwriting recognition based systems. In this scenario, current convolutional neural networks pay particular attention to a wide variety of issues especially that relate to computer vision such as detection of natural images, traffic signs image segmentation, identification of 3D objects and image denoising. Additionally, CNN handwriting recognition techniques and architectures as well appear to offer a large number of advantages to unsupervised learning techniques and algorithms implemented to image data. In this scenario, several researchers have demonstrated an error rate of 0.4 percent of the worldwide MNIST (The MNIST database of handwritten digits, available from this page, has a training set of 60,000 examples, and a test set of 10,000 examples. It is a subset of a larger set available from NIST. The digits have been size-normalized and centered in a fixed-size image) handwritten character based recognition dataset, with a reasonably straightforward Convolutional Neural Networks, in addition to elastic training image twists to increase the training data size. However, this handwriting recognition error rate further decreased to 0.35 percent in the 2010,

How does contemporary Anglicanism relate to the core beliefs of the Essay

How does contemporary Anglicanism relate to the core beliefs of the Church of England in the 16th and 17th centuries - Essay Example Anglican modernism is identified with the "Modern Churchmen's Union" founded in 1898 to stimulate and defend liberal thought within the Church of England. It has much in common with Liberal Protestantism in Germany, characterized by such thinkers as Friedrich Scheliermacher, the 'Father of Modern Theology'. Adolf Von Harnack, whose book What is Christianity, characterizes the point of view of many English Modernists. "Others, on the contrary, assure him that Christianity is an optimistic religion, and that it must be thought of simply and solely as a higher phase of Judaism, and these people also suppose that in saying this they have said something very profound." Von Harnack, A.1987, What is Christianity P.2 Anglican Modernism also developed out of the 'Broad Church Movement' of the nineteenth century. For them, this began with the acceptance of Biblical criticism and the theory of evolution and their insistence that Christianity must be adapted to accept these. The starting point for them was their acceptance of Biblical criticism and the theory of evolution and their insistence that Christianity must be adapted to accept these. The starting point for them was their acceptance of Biblical criticism and the theory of evolution and their insistence that Christianity must be adapted to accept these. While they rejected nature miracles like the virgin birth and his bodily resurrection, they emphasized the teachings of the historical Christ. Jesus' death on the cross was not to placate the wrath of God, but to show the way in which God is present in human suffering. This is at variance with traditional Christian doctrine and the beliefs of 16th and 17th century Anglicans as shown in Article one of the thirty-nine articles. Doctrine in the Church of England, (1938), accepts that the modernist interpretations of Christianity doctrine were legitimate positions to hold within the Church. Essentially Modernism takes a middle path between radical skepticism and the revival of fundamentalism. Surveys of what Christians believe propose that Modernist way of thinking have become typical of liberal Christianity. We need to look at the sensibleness of key Christian beliefs. In the minds of many outsiders Christianity is outmoded and reactionary. Kant who argued that there was no reason to postulate a first cause because infinite regress was equally as plausible refuted the claim that God created the Universe out of nothing. This no longer applies because there is now a consensus among scientists that the Universe had a beginning. This does not prove that God created it but it is very compatible with it. Many scientists are happy to speak in terms of a mind behind the Universe, yet they are reluctant to identify themselves with Christianity. According to John Leslie, "Our Universe does lookvery much as if created by God" but "not by a God who interferes with nature's operation." The idea of a God who created a Universe in which he does not intervene is the classic modernistic position. Paul Badham identifies this religious interest with the

Pearl Harbor and September Attacks Essay Example for Free

Pearl Harbor and September Attacks Essay The Pearl Harbor and the September 11 attack are two events that changed the United States to a great deal. December 7th 1941 and September 11th 2001 are two dark days that will never be forgotten in the history of the United States. They are the two major attacks against the United States that have occurred in history. Although the intentions of the enemy in both cases were to tear the United States apart, the responses by the administration have resulted into the opposite. Although many innocent lives were lost in both attacks, it is important to note that the attacks left the people of America more united and more prepared for future attacks. However, the most important issue that has come into the picture as a result of the two attacks is the effectiveness of the United States intelligence. Immediately after the infamous 9/11 attack, many commentators linked the attack to the Pearl Harbor attack. There have been arguments that there are similarities in intelligence failures when the two attacks are compared. Commentators have claimed that just as the United States was not prepared for the Pearl Harbor attack in the Second World War, it failed to defend itself against attack by terrorists leading to the infamous September 11 attack (Griffin, 2004). It is not a surprise that the two events are similar in many ways. They were both surprise attacks which had far reaching national and international implications in relation to the United States intelligence community. This is despite the fact that the happening of the two events took place over half a century apart. However, the actors in the surprise attack, the motives, sequence of events and the consequences of the two attacks are different. In both attacks, the United States intelligent community has been accused of ignoring signs prior to the attack that could have been essential in protecting the Americans against the attacks. Despite there being visible warning signs, the intelligence has maintained that the two events were unanticipated. There is no doubt that before the Pearl Harbor attack, the relationship between Japan and the United States had gone sour. President Roosevelt’s administration had placed embargos against Japan and had supported China against the Japanese. The economic sanctions had affected the Japanese economy and they had no option but to destroy the American fleets. The Japanese intention was to seize American lands in the Far East which would force Roosevelt’s administration to negotiate a settlement. Although the American administration recognized the magnitude of the crisis with the Asian power, they did not anticipate any danger of attack until it was too late. The intelligence made a wrong assumption that the Japanese did not have military ability or economic power to attack the United States. Unfortunately, the Japanese proved them wrong by attacking Pearl Harbor and shattered the United States plans in the pacific (Borch, 2003). In the September 11 attack, the warning signs were even clearer. There were various studies that had concluded that the war against terrorism by the United States towards the end of the 20th century made it clear that it was certain the United States would have a major terrorist attack. In the 1990s, the United States was involved in war against terrorist groups such as al Qaeda and retaliation was not unexpected. The 1995 and 1996 attacks in Riyadh and Dhahran respectively and the august 1998 attacks on American embassies in East Africa by the al Qaeda were clear signs that the continental America would certainly suffer terrorists attack. The American response to the attack by bombing suspected al Qaeda bases in Afghanistan and Sudan should have also been carried out with necessary caution. Moreover, the al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden had declared his commitment to launching an attack against the Americans in 1998 while Bush’s administration had published the political agendas of Taliban in Afghanistan, its alliance with al Qaeda and their terror campaign against the United States in 1999 (Tobias Foxman, 2003). When the intelligence pertaining to the attacks is considered, technological advancement comes into the picture. In both incidences of attack, the technology used by the enemy surprised the United States intelligence community. The enemies in both attacks maximized the use of technology against the Americans to the surprise of the intelligence. The technological surprise in this case is the manner in which the enemy used a hardware that made it difficult or impossible for quick counter attack by the efficient United States military. In this case, the United States intelligent community was beaten in their own game. In the Pearl Harbor attack, the Japanese efficiently demonstrated the full abilities of aerial attacks by integrating new aviation in their military attack. They were able to contract the torpedo that could operate in the shallow waters very efficiently. Although aviation technology was not a secret in the Second World War, the Americans were surprised by the ability of the Japanese to incorporate the technology so efficiently and perfect their military powers. This made it impossible for the US’s intelligence to estimate the magnitude of the threat by the Japanese because they were unaware of their technological abilities (Borch, 2003). Similarly, although the use of passenger plane for suicidal missions was not a new phenomenon, the September 11 terrorist attack also achieved technological surprise. It is interesting to note how the al Qaeda utilized modern technology and globalization of the world to plan and execute their attack. They were able to easily launch their attack without the use of conventional hardware and expertise that could have been used for intercontinental attack. The al Qaeda had operatives in all parts of the world including the United States with well established communication networks to the surprise of the US intelligence. They used the internet, satellite telephones and international money transfer in the United States and other parts of the world without attracting any attention (Griffin, 2004). There is no doubt therefore, technology played an important role in the Pearl Harbor and September 11 attack. However, there are two surprising aspects of technology use in the two attacks. First, the technology used in the Pearl Harbor as well as the September 11 attack was not new or a secret. The technology was actually well known if not used by the United States security systems prior to the attack. Secondly, the United States had been the greatest beneficiary of technological advancement in the 20th century and had the leading experts in the development and harnessing technological development. However, they were unaware of the desperation of their enemies which prompted creativity. Thus they underestimated the capability and determinations of the enemy to circumvent their technological superiority and launch a technological surprise (Hulnick, 2004). It is also surprising to note how the enemy exploited the structural vulnerability of the United States defense and intelligence to launch their attack. The confusion between the US Army and the US Navy created by the war warning to the military in Hawaii from Washington prior to Pearl Harbor attack exposed the vulnerability of the United States military intelligence giving the enemy a room for surprise attack. The army concentrated on guarding the aircrafts and ammunitions against possibility of sabotage while the navy thought that the alert had prompted vigilance in air patrols by the army. While the army was guarding the aircrafts and ammunitions, they thought that the naval intelligence was monitoring the Japanese fleets. The army did not realize that the US Navy had lost track of the enemy leading to the surprise attack. The structural vulnerability was evident when the army and the navy operating on Oahu did to clear the air on the responsibility of each group. Even if both the Naval and Army officials cooperated to guard the island, there were no efficient structures to disseminate the intelligence information collected to the respective commanders. Although there is no evidence of the Japanese knowledge on the structural weaknesses of the United States military, there is no doubt that the structural and organizational vulnerability is an important lesson from the Pearl Harbor attack (Borch, 2003). Though at a different level, the organization weaknesses in the United States intelligent service and security systems prior to the September 11 attack may have increased the vulnerability of the United States, the military had a unified command outside the United States such as in the gulf war, but that was not the case in the continental America. The department of defense and the CIA concentrated on external threat while the FBI focused on crimes within the United States. The terrorists could have realized the structural weakness in the intelligence service. Moreover, security in the international airports all over the United States was under the responsibility of the airport management and airline companies who hired private security firms. In other words, other than concentrating on the structural and organizational solutions to the current problems, the United States intelligence concentrated on technological solutions which possibly resulted into the two attacks (Hufschmid, 2002). There is no doubt that the September 11 terrorist attack and the Pearl Harbor attack had numerous effects on the United States intelligence and society. More importantly, the two events changed the United States interests in the world affairs. The isolationism policies of the United States were abandoned after the Pearl Harbor attacks while the Bush administration took punitive measures against terrorists. Although after every attack, there was an improvement in the United States intelligence, it is important to put in proper mechanisms that would not result into a repeat of yesteryears mistakes. The US intelligence should be aware of the desperation of their enemies irrespective of their economic and military abilities. This will enable the integration of the intelligent community in the United States into an effective organizational structure that aid collaboration. This will go a long way in eliminating the mentality of technological solutions to the security threats facing the continental America and the world.

The Pro Life Fetal Rights Movement :: Government Laws Fetus Papers

The Pro Life Fetal Rights Movement Problems with format Pro-life rhetoric is reshaping history to make room for a new class of citizens. The members of this new identity group are called "fetuses," and their legal protection is crucial to the heritage of and future of America. Lauren Berlant, in her essay, "America, 'Fat,' the Fetus"; describes the pro-life motivation to present fetuses as a class of citizens, and thereby add "a new group of "persons" to "the people"" (Berlant, 98). To do so, pro-lifers exploit the current convergence of public and private spheres. In the intimate public sphere, citizens are defined not by a common civic duty, but instead, by a shared morality. In this crisis of citizenship, with no one quite sure of where s/he stands in relation to the norm, and everyone forced into an identity politics, the fetus represents the ideal citizen - utterly vulnerable and in need of government protection. Pro-life arguments describing fetuses as the ultimately silenced, victimized minority capitalize on the shifting meanings of citizenship to find a place for the fetus within it. By mixing the language of minority politics (asserting distinct identities of classes of people who are victimized by society) and Reaganite ideology (affirming the politicization of the private sphere overseen by the government (Berlant, 3), the pro-lifers constructed the fetus as an image of perfect vulnerability: "the unprotected person, the citizen without a country or a future, the fetus unjustly imprisoned in its mother's hostile gulag" (Berlant, 97). The fetus's vulnerability and minority status speaks to the plight of the newly distinguished class of normative citizens (usually white, straight, middle-class men). "The culture of national fetality also newly touches the previously privileged  ¨C because unmarked  ¨C unexceptional citizen ¡Ã‚ ­ His new exposure to mass-mediated identity politics makes him experience himself as suddenly embodied and therefore vulnerable. An entire culture can come to identify with, and as, a fetus" (Berlant, 86). Feeling suddenly embodied and vulnerable, only recently exposed to identity politics, the formerly unmarked, nondescript citizens can now, too, relate to the minority-identity that the fetus has come to represent. At the same that the fetus is achieving minority status, the pro-life ideology is also placing its fate into the tale of our nation, making protection of the fetus crucial to the country's future. "Since we "are" what we have always "done," we violate our true selves if we act in ways that are different" (Condit, 44).

Anti War Activism in the World of Cyberspace & Beyond Essay

The group this study examines is an anti war group, called IVAW or Iraq Veterans Against the War (http://www. ivaw. org) initially organized by veterans of the Iraq War in 2004, one year after the start of the war in Iraq, and have expanded their mission to opposing the conflict in Afghanistan. This is clearly a group with potential, with a defined core demographic, but one which is, while sophisticated in the tools it is using, failing in its fundamental mission and goals, not to mention not maximizing the considerable power of the tools it has at its disposal. Yet despite these failings, the group is extremely holistic and uses many proven tactics, albeit unsuccessfully or not maximally utilized or executed, either lifted directly or fused into a new medium, used across many historical struggles – ones for civil rights, gender equity, art as protest, AIDS activism, and even class struggle, although in the latter issue, the group is still struggling to find its way to define its strategy effectively as all social activist groups do in America on this issue. But the fact remains, you won’t find many graduates of Harvard stationed in Kabul. And in a country reeling from high unemployment it is a perfect time to hit the establishment on exactly this issue. Overall Organizational Structure National Overview The current organization is a mostly virtual 501(c) 3 (non lobbying) non profit, with a national office located in New York City, and a website. There are four full time employees, 1,700 members, who are listed online, and 61 chapters in 48 states. Figure 1: IVAW Chapters Nationally Regional Organization The regional chapters are staffed by volunteer state/field organizers to coordinate state wide campaigns of all sorts (described below). The group has volunteer speakers (mostly vets) and a board. Core Demographics & Membership The core demographic are vets, both old and young, and their families. The socioeconomic level is primarily blue collar working class and those from America’s heartland, who signed up to serve because they had no sense of American foreign policy, or enlisted in the National Guard to get a college or advanced education in the first place, without realizing that they would be called upon to serve in actual combat and for repeated tours of duty which is unprecedented in American history. To the extent that the organization provides educational outreach, they are exceptional in their holistic approach. Where the group fails is how they do not effectively use the tools at their disposal to mobilize their membership. And that failure is contributing both to their low member count and to their ability to mobilize a mass protest to both wars. Fundraising The group raises funds through membership dues, volunteer fundraising efforts and selling merchandise. What is interesting and highly unique if not commendable about the merchandising it sells, however, is that much of it is produced by members, so the group is actively contributing both through their membership dues AND through their personal experiences to support the organization financially. It is a unique, therapeutic, and self sustaining model and one that creates greater unity for members. It is also a tactic, along with alternative outlets for TV production borrowed from the AIDS movement and The Quilt, which used the same tactics, albeit not always online, although the gay community, in particular, was one of the FIRST niches as a community, to use the internet and art as a way of building community, particularly in response to AIDS and social exclusion, not to mention build a social protest movement over 20 years ago. Tactics Employed & Why Website As Information & Organizing Tool The group uses various tactics including predominant reliance on its website as an information source and organizing tool. Despite the cyber advantage, their tactics mirror many of those used in classic anti war organizing efforts, from Vietnam onwards, with a few other movements mixed in (such as ACT UP). It’s just mostly anti Vietnam war protest gone cyber. However the website also includes valuable information that includes sections for those who would not necessarily know how to find it, or have the education to even know where to look. As a result, it is a valuable information tool for its members alone, not to mention free to anyone who stumbles across the website. Information includes: Supporting War Resisters Publishing the activities and ongoing stories of those who are actively refusing to participate in the policy of stop-loss, or the policy of forcing soldiers to serve repeated tours of duty against their will. Further the group is following each case and actively encouraging its membership to support each active resister by contacting the army base in question to support the resister to the army brass. Providing Information on IRR (Resisting Individual Ready Reserve Recall) Intimidation Tactics The group provides information about DoD’s increasingly aggressive tactics to force people who are no longer required to report for National Guard Duty, how to avoid being penalized or how to get legal guidance and representation online. Resources for Active Duty Service people, National Guard and Reserves The group provides information to active duty service members about what rights they have, posted on their website. Press Aggregator/Social Media Tool The group is actively promoting its message throughout both the traditional media and the blogosphere. The articles it generates are also posted on its website as links to the other sites and these articles serve as both information for readers and as links in a social community as part of an online activist strategy. Active Projects In addition to being a passive information source, the group is actively documenting the experiences of vets both as a healing tool and as an education and outreach effort. These include: Combat Paper: A sort of AIDS Quilt project for veterans, who literally beat their uniforms into paper and make these into art projects, transforming psychological scars and wounds into art as a healing process. Warrior Writer’s Project: A collection of essays that are the culmination of creative workshops (3 already have been held) where vets talk about their experiences in a healing environment and then write these experiences down. One book has already been compiled from such writing. At the second and third exhibits, readings from the first book were combined with photographs from the war. More exhibits are planned and so is a second book. Truth In Recruiting: Small groups are organized where vets talk about the lies the military perpetuates in recruiting and what to expect of active service. Veteran Gulf Reconstruction Project: The group is trying to raise money online to help rebuild the destroyed gulf communities they believe the money going to fight the wars is being diverted from rebuilding and further, vets living in the region. Coalitions: The group is building coalitions online with other natural allies. Listed groups on the website include: Veterans for Peace, Military Families Speak Out, Gold Star Families For Peace, Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Bring Them Home Now! Campaign, National Youth and Student Peace Coalition and United for Peace and Justice. The Blog & Social Media: The group has its own blog on its website and its members are clearly using social media networks as well (including posting video on You Tube and Vimeo for example). Field Events/Individual Speak Outs/Educational Events: The group holds events around the country, organized by the state organizers and often filmed and posted on the website. These range from policy discussions to individual vets’ who’ve served, who talk about their experiences in the field and why they are opposed to the wars. The Winter Soldier Project: By far, the most effective and powerful tool but underutilized for some unknown reason, is a project they have initiated called the Winter Soldier Project. It consists of short films, distributed almost everywhere on the internet, from the actual website of the group, to Vimeo to You Tube. One particularly powerful documentary is linked here. Why these have not gone viral is beyond comprehension, particularly given their powerful testimony, gripping video, and every day people reacting to what they hear in hardly militant circumstances, hardly the â€Å"hippy radical militant† anti war protester stereotype. The Role of the Group as an â€Å"Activist† Organization The activities of the group are clearly activist, as described in the activities above with a clearly defined agenda: to stop the wars and reinvest the money in America to build a more just and peaceful country and world. That is the fundamental definition of an activist organization, and one that uses traditional tools of an anti-war group at that, updated for the cyber age. The fact that they are so conscious and holistic in their approach to both stopping the wars and linking this to social inequity, civil rights and other societal injustices is even further evidence of their rightful appellation as an activist group. A Holistic Approach to Resistance The group is clearly using tried and true tactics as many online organizing groups before it. Unfortunately, in part, probably due to lack of funding, a mostly volunteer organization and a battered population of members, many of whom are on disability themselves, the group is severely limited in the kind of money it can raise and the ability of its members due to complicated disabilities that doctors still don’t know how to treat. Strategic and Tactical Failures Part of the group’s failure is the failure to identify the right demographics or utilize â€Å"cross niche† strategies for viral and social marketing for the powerful information they have to share and have already collected. Clearly they understand that linking to other veterans’ and student organizations is important, and clearly from the videos they produce, they are attracting a multicultural audience across middle America for their presentations, and not turning them off with militant tactics (such as Larry Kramer used or those used during the white student campus protests during Vietnam). That said, the latter two campaigns were highly effective, and achieved their goals, as much as they engendered violent reaction. One issue that is directly responsible for the group’s failure to capture more attention, is that they fall short, just as many before them, including the Obama campaign, of connecting in the way different demographic groups use the technology they have access to – in other words understanding that with the proliferation of G3 cell phones capable of accessing the internet for example, lower class people have access to the internet, but activists who want to reach them, in this case precisely the demographic this group wants to reach, but don’t know how to do so. A theory expanded upon by Lavato when he writes: â€Å"The next step of activism is for grassroots groups to connect online and offline organizing like Obama did, but targeting working-class people†¦. And the first step is for us to learn how our communities use their media and to engage them on their own terms. † This certainly answers the question for example, with a national unemployment rate as high as it is, and again falling predominantly on this demographic, why aren’t these videos, much less membership going through the roof? Even Larry Kramer was able to organize the sick and dying into an effective national organization WITHOUT THE INTERNET. That said, his tactics were very different. Perhaps that might explain why anti war efforts now including this group are so ineffective. Because the population Larry Kramer was fighting for was far more ostracized if not stigmatized than mostly straight young kids fighting for their country. How come these soldiers and vets are so ineffective seven years into two wars when Kramer effectively changed the way the government dealt with a devastating epidemic it otherwise would have ignored in far less time with far less effective tools? The answer lies in that IVAW have all the right instincts, and all the right tools, but they are fundamentally failing to implement them in the right ways. And that comes from a disconnect in strategy and class that is always present in every social movement that is driven from top down, rather than the grassroots. Which seems to be the problem here too. Strategic and Logistical Overhaul The group needs to start targeting states where there are large populations of military bases, and thus vets, and states with horrific social services (i. e. Medicaid), combined with high unemployment rates, like Texas, North Carolina, California, Colorado, etc. as shown on the map below. Figure 2: Map of 3 Month Decline in Economic Activity February – April 2010 The group needs to plot strategy demographically and economically if they are really going to make a difference, just like a political campaign. Cyberspace is a very nice place, but you have to ground it to have an effect. Feet on the ground and votes in ballot boxes are ultimately the most effective weapon in any organizational change â€Å"we can believe in,† to paraphrase a recent presidential candidate who used such techniques far more effectively. Conclusion The group is using tactics borrowed from successful grassroots and cyber online activist organizations such as Move On, (which may be the source of one of its failings) and of course political organizations of all kinds, offline and on including the presidential campaign of Barack Obama, MoveOn, ACT UP to even those used in the early days of anti-Vietnam protests. Why they haven’t connected to OTHER niche groups outside of the traditional ones they are already connected to is rather shocking, particularly given their sophistication in other areas. It also explains why they aren’t meeting their mission. Particularly as Obama has just pushed through the largest military budget in history. America is spending more for war under a Democratic administration, than even Bush, who expanded DoD’s budget to an all time high. The time is ripe for a group like this, with all the tools it has at its disposal, to explode, based on historical precedent and current widespread economic domestic suffering. It is a tragic case of a great idea, with all the right tools and dedicated people, who just don’t know how to execute their strategy and connect it to a larger, mainstream (or cross niche audiences) who will connect with the right message to help them achieve the ends they desire. An end to all wars and a reinvestment of America’s considerable resources in causes that are both domestic and associated with socioeconomic justice in America. Bibliography Cappuccio, S. N. (2006). Mothers of Soldiers and the Iraq War: Justification through Breakfast Shows on ABC, CBS, and NBC. Women and Language, 29(1), 3+. Retrieved May 11, 2010 Cox, M. S. (2006). â€Å"Keep Our Black Warriors out of the Draft†: The Vietnam Antiwar Movement at Southern University, 1968-1973. Educational Foundations, 20(1-2), 123+. Retrieved May 11, 2010 Hayes, C. (2008). MoveOn Ten Years Later. TheHollywoodliberal. com. Retrieved May 12, 2010 Juhasz, A. (1995). AIDS Tv: Identity, Community, and Alternative Video. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Retrieved May 11, 2010 Lovato, R. (2008, November/December). Upload Real Change. Colorlines, 11, 16+. Retrieved May 11, 2010 Poitier, B. (2007). Activist Larry Kramer Is Not Nice. Harvard. edu. gazette. com. Retrieved May 12, 2010 Seiler L. & Hamburg D. (2010). Obama’s first year: leading an empire in decline. Greenchange. org. Retrieved May 12, 2010 Wyatt-Morley, C. (1997). AIDS Memoir: Journal of an HIV-Positive Mother. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press. Retrieved May 11, 2010 Zuniga, R. (2002). The Work of Artists in a Databased Society: Net. Art as Online Activism. Afterimage, Vol. 29. Retrieved May 11, 2010

Is Marxism Still Relevant Today Essay - 2189 Words

The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) had brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and technology and subsequently established an era of unprecedented economic growth in capitalist economies. It was within this era that Karl Marx had observed the deprivation and inequality experienced by men of the proletariat, the working class, who had laboured excessively for hours under inhumane conditions to earn a minimum wage while the bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, reaped the benefits. For Marx it was this fundamental inequality within the social and economic hierarchy that had enabled capitalist societies to function. While Marx’s theories, in many instances have been falsified and predictions†¦show more content†¦Considering that as of 2010, 45.4% of the Australian labour force comprised of women it would seem that Marx’s socialist perspective is less so equal or relevant in contemporary society. Marxism is often cited as being irrelevant within contemporary society due to the fact that Marx had critiqued an almost incomparable society. McDonald Brownlee (2001) argue that contemporary society exists in a post-modern era where westernised societies enjoy the benefits of higher living standards, where the rights of employees are elicited within the Australian Constitution and the rights of humans are dictated within Geneva conventions. An era where employees are entitled to government pensions, allowances, superannuation, and employees accrue sick and annual leave (McDonald Brownlee, 2001). Furthermore employees are able to seek union representation and are legally entitled to industrial action. McDonald and Brownlee (2001) assert that Fair Work Australia, established as an institution responsible for fixating minimum wage and resolving work related disputes, perpetuates the notion that Australia is in transition to become an egalitarian society with minimal class disparity . Critics have also argued that Marxism within western society is no longerShow MoreRelatedThe Basic Concepts Of Marxism1460 Words   |  6 Pagesantagonism still exists in the present day, but in a different form and scale from antagonism Marx described during his time. Having mentioned Occupy Wall Street, a clear present day example of class antagonism, I would like to argue that Marxism is still very relevant in the 21st century, serving as a crucial political and social idea that shapes our present. To present my arguments, I will first retrace the basic concepts of Marxism, and elaborate on how of some Marxist ideas still apply to theRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageswas written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysed the economic interactions within the capitalist community, arguing that the unfair wages were being distributed to workers due to capitalism beingRead MoreThe Root Of Female Subjugation1258 Words   |  6 Pageslinks directly to the developments of reformed social relations regarding production and the family under capitalism, triggering social and economic defeat throughout human history and on into present society where traces of gender subjugation are still found. Initially, research says society was an equal, communal effort until the conceptualization of production, which resulted in the creation of private property and laid the foundation of capitalism. Marx and Engels coined the term EgalitarianRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 PagesMarxist Theory of Crime and Deviance has the strongest explanation for crime between the two of them therefore, is more relevant in contemporary society today. An Overview of Marxist theory of Crime and Deviance: The Marxist theory of deviance such as the Conflict Theory derives from the middle to late 19th century workings of German theorist Karl Marx. Customarily, Marxism justifies theories that rationalise the inequities fashioned by the capitalist’s structure in relation to power. His generalRead MoreNeo-Marxist Contribution to Theories O Social Class Inequality884 Words   |  4 Pagessocial class inequality today? Social class inequality can be defined as the existence of socially created inequalities among and within classes. They can be attributed to various factors such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, income, etc. It is arguable that inequalities that exist in post-independence societies as well as the inequalities which exist between nations can be directly traced back to the exploitative capitalism which accompanied European colonialism. Neo-Marxism has indeed contributedRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 Pagesproletariat). Collectively, these two men created the theory of Marxism. There are multiple critiques of Marxism that attack the fundamental tenants of their argument. Several historical events have fueled such criticisms, such as the fall of the Soviet Union, where Marxism was significantly invalidated and condemned. On the flip side, Marxism has been widely supported in times of capitalist hardships. What viewpoint a person wi ll hold towards Marxism is largely dependable on the economical environment inRead MoreMarxism Is Based On The Social Theories Of Karl Marx And Friederich Engels1445 Words   |  6 PagesMarxism is based on the social theories of Karl Marx and Friederich Engels and has evolved and adapted to take into account the way that society functions today. It states that social change is determined by the economy and describes the relationship and the conflict between the ruling class (the Bourgeoisie) and the working class (the Proletariat). Marxism describes how society is biased purely to benefit of the ruling class and examines the exploitation of the working class. There are lots ofRead MoreSociology, Social Closure Essay (Higher)1585 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the extent to which social closure exists in UK society. Use two contrasting theories and relevant studies in your answer. INTRO Social stratification is the way in which society is stratified or made up of layers of social groups in a hierarchical way. Class stratification is a form of social stratification, which tends to split separate classes, whose members have contrasting access to resources and power. In Britain, society is structured in terms of inequality. Different classes tendRead MoreThe Value Of Philosophy And Its Influence On Society1271 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophical views still live today. Today, women have the same basic equal rights as men, such as voting. Presently, women and men attend school and the house maker role is no longer the soul job of a woman. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman though controversial at its time, was very influential as today many societies recognize a woman to be equal to a man. Wollstonecraft’s philosophical worked helped pave the road toward gender equality, and continues to as gender biases still exists. PhilosophyRead MoreBook Review : Why Read Marx Today?759 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: Why Read Marx Today? (Jonathan Wolff; Oxford University Press; 2002) In this book, Wolff (UCL professor, philosopher, and columnist for the Guardian) tackles the immense task of analysing the validity and modern significance of Karl Marx and his teachings. As Wolff quickly points out in his introductory paragraphs, surely the fall of the Berlin Wall - along with the collapse of the so-called â€Å"‘Evil Empire’† (1) (the Soviet Union) - should have rendered the Marxist theorists beaten and